'Dubrovnik I' was a Croat and German operation against the 32^nd Division of the newly formed X 'Zagreb' Corps of the partisan forces led by Marshal Josip Broz Tito in the region behind Hrvatsko and round Kalnik in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia (21 January/6 February 1944).

The operation was undertaken primarily by Croat forces (1^st Poglavnik Bodyguard Regiment and Ustase Pukovnik Rafael Boban’s 5^th Ustase Active Service Brigade), reinforced by German units and a German battery of medium howitzers, under the command of an Ustase officer, Ustase Pukovnik Ante Moskov. The object of the undertaking was to re-establish land communication between Varazdin and Zagreb by recapturing Novi Marof and Varazdinske Toplice, and at the same time to establish strongholds in the Bednja valley for offensive operations against partisan-held territory in Kalnik and Podravina, and to prevent the movement of the 14^th 'Slovenia' Division. This last was moving to Styria, which it reached on 6 February without a major battle through its entire movement through Croatia.

The Croat operation was carried out successfully, although the partisan forces escaped into the mountains and thus managed to avoid major engagements except on 1 February near Varazdinske Toplice, where the 1/1^st Poglavnik Bodyguard Regiment engaged two battalions of the 2^nd 'Matija Gubec' Brigade of the 32^nd Division. The Ustase lost 11 men killed and 15 wounded, while the partisans reported 27 dead, seven wounded and 46 missing. The operation was continued on 7 February as 'Dubrovnik II'.