Operation Details

West (ii)

'West' (ii) was a U-boat wolfpack two-part operation in the Atlantic against sundry HX and OB convoys (11/22 May 1941).

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At varying times the U-boats in these first major wolfpack operations were U-43, U-46, U-48, U-66, U-73, U-74, U-75, U-77, U-93, U-94, U-97, U-98, U-101, U-108, U-109, U-110, U-111, U-201, U-204, U-553, U-556, U-557 and U-751, and for the loss of Kapitänleutnant Fritz-Julius Lemp’s U-110 sank 33 ships (191,414 tons) and damaged four ships (33,448 tons) in attacks on the HX.126, HX.128, OB.317, OB.318, OB.322, OB.327, OB.328, OB.329, OB.330 and SC.30 convoys.

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Following the operation against the OB.318 convoy, U-93, U-94, U-98 and U-556 were established as the 'West' (ii) wolfpack, to which were added, on 13 May, U-74, U-97, U-109 and U-111. The new wolfpack passaged to its planned operational area to the south-south-east of Cape Farewell, Greenland. As the wolfpack moved to the north-west, on 13 May Kapitänleutnant Robert Gysae’s U-98 sank the 10,529-ton British armed merchant cruiser Salopian, which was part of the SC.30 convoy. Six days later Kapitänleutnant Herbert Kuppisch’s U-94 sighted the HX.126 convoy escorted by the armed merchant cruiser Aurania and submarine Tribune: before losing contact, the U-boat sank the 6,128-ton Norwegian John P. Pedersen and 4,718-ton British Norman Monarch. At about 12.00 on 20 May Kapitänleutnant Herbert Wohlfarth’s U-556 regained contact with the convoy and in two approaches sank the 4,974-ton British Darlington Court and 5,995-ton British Cockaponset, and torpedoed and damaged the 8,470-ton British tanker British Security, which burned for three days before sinking.

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By the evening of the same day U-94, U-98 and U-111 had reached the scene, toward morning on 21 May U-93 had also arrived, and on 22 May the German strength had been further increased by the advent of U-46, U-66, U-74, U-94 and U-557. U-74 was depth-charged and damaged, and the U-boats then lost contact with the convoy.

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In the period between 1 and 22 May many sinkings were made by the boats of the 'West' (ii) wolfpack: including attacks on the HX.126 and OB.318 convoys, these sinkings were credited to Kapitänleutnant Udo Heilmann’s U-97 (three ships totalling 17,852 tons), Wohlfarth’s U-556 (five ships totalling 23,557 tons and damage to two ships totalling 18,023 tons), Kuppisch’s U-94 (five ships totalling 31,940 tons), Lemp’s U-110 (two ships totalling 7,585 tons), Oberleutnant Adalbert Schnee’s U-201 (one ship of 5,802 tons and damage to one ship of 5,969 tons), Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Kleinschmidt’s U-111 (three ships totalling 15,978 tons), Gysae’s U-98 (two ships totalling 15,905 tons), Korvettenkapitän Hans-Georg Fischer’s U-109 (one ship of 7,402 tons), and Kapitänleutnant Claus Korth’s U-93 (one ship of 6,235 tons).

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After this, Vizeadmiral Karl Dönitz, the Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote, relocated the 'West' (ii) wolfpack, in the form of U-43, U-46, U-93, U-94, U-93 and U-557, to a patrol line over which the battleship Bismarck, retiring toward a base in German-occupied France at the end of her 'Rheinübung' sortie into the North Atlantic, was to draw her pursuers on 25 May. Meanwhile U-48, U-73, U-74, U-97, U-98, U-556 and the Italian Barbarigo were stationed in the western part of the Bay of Biscay as a precautionary measure to meet Bismarck.

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On 1 June a new 'West' (ii) wolfpack was established from the U-boats stationed in the western part of the Atlantic, and initially comprised U-43, U-46, U-66 and U-111, of which the last had replenished on 25/26 May from the tanker Belchen in the Davis Strait, and these were supplemented in the short term, after they too had replenished from Belchen, by U-93 and U-557.

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Belchen was sunk by the light cruisers Aurora and Kenya on 3 June while replenishing U-93, which rescued 49 survivors. By 20 June U-48, U-73, U-75, U-77, U-101, U-108, U-204, U-553, U-558 and U-751 had also become part of the 'West' (ii) wolfpack. The boats met only independent sailers and convoy stragglers. Oberleutnant Ottokar Arnold Paulssen’s U-557 sank the 7,290-ton British Empire Storm, Kapitänleutnant Engelbert Endrass’s U-46 sank the 5,623-ton British Phidias and damaged the 6,207-ton British Ensis, U-108 sank six ships totalling 24,445 tons, Kapitänleutnant Klaus Scholtz’s U-48 sank the 3,164-ton British Baron Nairn, 4,240-ton Greek Dirphys, 1,992-ton Norwegian Christian Krohg, 3,059-ton Greek Elleniko and 4,362-ton Greek Nikolos Pateras, Kapitänleutnant Helmuth Ringelmann’s U-75 sank the 4,801-ton Dutch Eibergen, Kapitänleutnant Ernst Mengersen’s U-101 sank the 5,271-ton British Trecarrell and 5,270-ton British Trevarrack, Kapitänleutnant Wolfgang Lüth’s U-43 sank the 4,802-ton Dutch Yselhaven and 2,727-ton British Cathrine, Kapitänleutnant Walter Kell’s U-204 sank the 7,866-ton Belgian Mercier, Kapitänleutnant Karl Thurmann’sU-553 sank the 2,355-ton British Susan Maersk and 5,590-ton Norwegian Ranella, Oberleutnant Heinrich Schonder’s U-77 sank the 4,743-ton British Tresillian, 2,379-ton British Arakaka and 4,603-ton Greek Anna Bulgaris, and Kapitänleutnant Gerhard Bigalk’s U-751 sank the 5,370-ton British St Lindsay.

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A foray by U-111 into the area of the Belle Isle Strait and as far as Cape Race proved unfruitful as a result of the mist and fog with which the area abounds.

Basic Overview

Theater

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