'Richard' (iii) was a German contingency plan for implementation in the event of any Allied landing on the west coast of Italy at Anzio to the south of Rome, in fact implement... Read More

'Richmond' was a British naval undertaking to recover escaped prisoners of war from the west coast of Italy in the region of Rome (January 1944). ... Read More

'Ridge' was a British alternative designation for 'Veritas' (26/28 April 1944). ... Read More

'Riese' was a German major construction project (1943/45)., The project comprised seven underground structures in the Eulengebirge and the Schloss Fürstenstein and Jedlinka P... Read More

The 'Riga Defensive Operation' was the Soviet attempt to hold Riga, the capital of Soviet-annexed Latvia, against Generaloberst Georg von Küchler’s 18th Army in the first d... Read More

The 'Riga Offensive Operation' was the Soviet first of the four sub-operations together constituting the 'Baltic Strategic Offensive Operation' and designed to expel the Germa... Read More

'Rigmarole' was the British naval undertaking to ensure the passage of the JW.60 and RA.60 convoys via the Arctic route to and from ports in the northern USSR (15 September/5 ... Read More

The 'Rijeska Operacija' was a Yugoslav operation by Marshal Josip Broz Tito’s forces to liberate the mountain area around Rijeka, Ilirska and Bistrica in Axis-occupied Yugos... Read More

'Rilgen' was a German naval minelaying operation off the west coast of German-occupied Norway (3/4 February 1941)., The undertaking was carried out by the minelayers Brummer a... Read More

'Rimau was an Allied special forces attack on Japanese shipping in the harbour of Singapore by men of the 'Z' Special Unit as a successor to the successful 'Jaywick' (10/15 Oc... Read More

'Ringbolt' was the US seizure of Tulagi, Gavutu and Tanambogo islands off the larger Florida island in the Solomon islands group in parallel with the 'Watchtower' landing on G... Read More

'Ringcraft' was a British unrealised plan for the seizure of the Azores islands group, a Portuguese possession in the Atlantic Ocean, during a winter operation (?). ... Read More

'Ringleader' was a British aircraft carrier deployment to Murmansk in the northern USSR (?). ... Read More

'Rio-1' was a Japanese air attack on the dock and harbour installations of Calcutta in north-eastern India (5 December 1943)., As soon as the monsoon had ended late in 1943, t... Read More

'Riposte' was a British series of seven operations constituting the second and third phases of the proposed 'Anakim' (i) operation in southern Burma (spring 1943). ... Read More

'Ripper' was a British unrealised plan for the seizure of the Madeira islands group, a Portuguese possession in the Atlantic Ocean, in a summer operation (February 1942/May 19... Read More

'Risnjak' was an Italian operation against the partisan forces of Josip Broz Tito in the coastal regions of Croatia and Montenegro within the Italian-occupied part of Yugoslav... Read More

'Rissole' was a British unrealised double-bluff deception by the London Controlling Section of the reverse 'Mincemeat' type in which a body was to be 'planted', for German dis... Read More

'Ristow' was a German and Croat operation against the partisan forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tito in the area between Bosanski Novi and Prijedor within the puppet state of Croa... Read More

'Ritter' was a U-boat wolfpack operation, in tandem with 'Knappen', in the Atlantic against the HX.226 and ON.166 convoys (11/26 February 1943)., The wolfpack comprised U-92, ... Read More

'Ritz' was a British unrealised deception by the London Controlling Section in which a British official was to leave at the Ritz Hotel in Madrid, the capital of Spain, an unlo... Read More

'Rival' was a British series of surface ship patrols off the coast of the UK to provide early warning of the arrival of any 'Seelöwe' seaborne invasion force (August 1940). ... Read More

'Rivera' was the Allied meeting between Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the UK and President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the USA at Argentia in the Atlantic Conference, held ... Read More

'RJ' was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Recife to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and as such reciprocals of the 'JR' serie... Read More

'RK' (i) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Colombo, Ceylon, to Kilindini, Kenya, and as such reciprocals of the 'K... Read More

'RK' (ii) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical and sometimes a literal suffix) plying the route from Rangoon, Burma, to Arakan, Burma, and Calcutta... Read More

'RM' was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Rangoon, Burma, via Madras, India, to Colombo, Ceylon, and as such reciproc... Read More

'Ro' (i) was the Japanese reinforcement of their base area round Rabaul in New Britain with aircraft delivered by aircraft carriers in anticipation of the US 'Cherryblossom' o... Read More

'Ro' (ii) was a Japanese naval undertaking to use the light cruiser Kashima for the emergency transport of 2nd Air Fleet personnel to Formosa (11 July 1944). ... Read More

'Roadmaker' was the US overall designation of naval operations against Japanese installations in the Caroline islands group (1944)., This islands group was largely bypassed by... Read More

'Roadstead' was the British overall designation of offensive air sweeps by day, using low-level and dive-bombing attacks, against German shipping making the passage along the ... Read More

'Roast' was a British special forces operation by commando units, supported by elements of the Special Boat Section, on and round Lake Comacchio in north-eastern Italy (1/2 Ap... Read More

'Rob Roy' was a British series of four air operations ('Rob Roy I', 'Rob Roy II', 'Rob Roy III' and 'Rob Roy IV') for the daily ferrying of supplies and equipment to Major Gen... Read More

'Robbe' (i) was a U-boat wolfpack operation in the UK/Iceland gap against the SC.63 convoy (15/24 January 1942)., The wolfpack comprised U-94, U-586, U-587 and U-588, and for ... Read More

'Robbe' (ii) was a U-boat wolfpack operation in the Atlantic against the UC.1, OS.44 and other convoys (16 February/13 March 1943). , The wolfpack comprised U-103, U-107, U-38... Read More

'Robbenschlag' was a U-boat wolfpack operation in the Arctic Ocean off the north coast of German-occupied Norway against the PQ.14 and QP.10 convoys (7/14 April 1942)., The wo... Read More

'Robertsbridge' was the British relocation of many of the Royal Navy’s service elements from Alexandria on the north coast of Egypt to Haifa on the coast of Palestine in res... Read More

'Robespierre I' was a British naval undertaking by Lieutenant P. A. Williams’s MGB-502 of the 15th Motor Gun Boat Flotilla to land stores and collect up to 15 evaders in the... Read More

'Robespierre III' was a British pair of naval undertakings by Lieutenant C. Mason’s MGB-318 of the 15th Motor Gun Boat Flotilla to Clogourouan, to the south-west of the Ile ... Read More

'Robin' (i) was a British undertaking by divers operating from the salvage vessel Tedworth, escorted by the sloop Puffin, to attempt the salvage of encryption-related data and... Read More

'Robin' (ii) was a British operation by the Special Operations Executive to make a second attempt to kill informers, most especially Henry Rinnan and Ivar Grande, whose activi... Read More

'Robinson' was a British bombing attack on the Le Creusot works of the Schneider armaments group in German-occupied France (17 October 1942)., Located more than 300 miles (485... Read More

'Robson' was a British carrierborne air attack planned by Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser’s East Indies Fleet but undertaken by a force under the command of Rear Admiral Sir Philip... Read More

'Rochen' was a U-boat wolfpack operation in the Atlantic off North-West Africa (27 January/1 March 1943)., The wolfpack was formed on 22 January and was gradually strengthened... Read More

'Rockbottom' was the US designation of special airlift operations by means of the 'Hump' air transport route from India to China (autumn 1943). ... Read More

'Rocket' was the British naval delivery of Hawker Hurricane fighters to Malta (4/7 June 1941)., As the 'Splice' aerial reinforcement of Malta was being implemented, the elderl... Read More

'Rodeo' was the British overall terms for air sweeps over German-occupied north-western Europe by fighters rather than fighter-bombers of RAF Fighter Command with the object o... Read More

'Roderick' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man French and US 'Jedburgh' team into the Jura area of German-occupied France to aid local resistance f... Read More

'Rodney' was a British half of 'Splendid', whose other component was 'Renown' (30 December 1943)., In this undertaking by the Special Operations Executive, the submarine Marea... Read More

'Roger' was a British unrealised plan to take Phuket island off the west coast of Japanese-occupied Thailand (spring 1945)., The plan was formulated within the overall scheme ... Read More