'TO' (i) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Trinidad to Curaçao, Netherlands West Indies, and as such reciprocals ... Read More

'TO' (ii) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from North-West Africa via the Caribbean (Aruba or Curaçao) to New York, i... Read More

'TO' (iii) was the designation of Allied tanker and troopship convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from French North Africa or Dakar, French West Africa... Read More

'To' (iv) was the Japanese three-phase second element of 'Ichi' designed specifically to take the US air bases at Hengyang, Lingling, Kweilin and Liuchow in southern China and... Read More

'Toast' was the Italian final mission planned for implementation by the Mariassalto, the co-belligerent Italian naval special forces unit descended from the 10a Flottiglia MAS... Read More

'TOC' was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Trinidad to Curaçao, and as such reciprocals of the 'OT' (i) series (May/... Read More

'Toenails' was the US seizure of New Georgia island in the central part of the Solomon islands group, and otherwise known as 'Operation A' (21 June/6 October 1943)., The under... Read More

'Token' was a British special forces raid by the Small Scale Raiding Force in the Anse de St Martin on the Cotentin peninsula of German-occupied northern France (14/15 Februar... Read More

'Tolstoy' was the inter-Allied conference in Moscow (9/19 October 1944)., The conference was organised at the suggestion of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was concerned... Read More

'Tomato' was a British unrealised plan for the destruction or capture of the German forces occupying the Channel Islands off the coast of the Cotentin peninsula in German-occu... Read More

'Tombola' (i) was the Allied underwater pipeline to enable tankers to discharge their loads while lying off Ste Honorine des Pertes (September 1944)., The object of this devic... Read More

'Tombola' (ii) was a British special forces operation by Major Roy Farran’s 3rd Squadron, 2nd Special Air Service to aid Italian partisans near Reggio in the Bologna area of... Read More

'Tonga' was the British parachute and gliderborne landing by Major General R. N. Gale’s 6th Airborne Division within 'Overlord' (6 June 1944)., Lieutenant General F. A. M. B... Read More

'Toni' was a German series of military convoys from Genichesk in southern Ukraine across the Sea of Azov to Temryuk on the northern side of the Taman peninsula in the Kuban re... Read More

'Tonic' was the British original and unrealised plan for the seizure of the Azores islands group, a Portuguese possession in the Atlantic Ocean (June 1941). ... Read More

'Tonnage' was an Allied series of three amphibious exercises ('Tonnage I', 'Tonnage II' and 'Tonnage III') in the loading and unloading of equipment and supplies in preparatio... Read More

'Tony' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man French and US 'Jedburgh' team into the Vendée area of German-occupied France to aid local resistance fo... Read More

'Top Hat' was an Allied unrealised plan for a major landing on the western side of the Italian mainland, and was later developed into 'Avalanche' (mid-1943). ... Read More

'Toplink' was an Allied plan for operations to draw as many German formations as possible into northern Italy and hold them there, so making them unavailable for redeployment ... Read More

'Topside' was the US semi-official designation of the airborne operation to parachute 2,050 men of Lieutenant Colonel George M. Jones’s 503rd Parachute Infantry, 462nd Parac... Read More

'Topspeed' was the British unrequired contingency plan for implementation in the event that the German forces occupying Norway did not surrender when the rest of the German ar... Read More

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'Tora' was a Japanese map exercise to test and assess Allied capabilities and intentions in the Pacific and Chinese theatres (winter 1943). ... Read More

'Torch' was the Allied series of amphibious landings in French North Africa (8/16 November 1942). , For some the USSR had been pressing the USA and UK to open a 'second front'... Read More

'Torchlight' was the British crossing of the Rhine river in the area of Xanten (24/25 March 1945). , The task was undertaken by Major General C. M. Barber’s 15th Division of... Read More

'Toreador' was a British unrealised plan for a two-division airborne operation in the central part of Japanese-occupied Burma, in the region of Mandalay, to open the way for L... Read More

'Tornado' was an Allied naval minesweeping operation in the Gulf of Gaeta to the north of Naples on the west coast of Italy (November 1943). ... Read More

'Toro' was an Italian unrealised plan for a naval bombardment of British-held Tobruk on the coast of North Africa (summer 1941/spring 1942)., On 10 September the Germans asked... Read More

The 'Toropets-Kholm Offensive Operation' was a Soviet major undertaking in in the area to the south of Lake Ilmen, undertaken in parallel with the 'Rzhev-Vyaz’ma Strategic O... Read More

'Torrent' was the Allied original designation for the cover and deception operation later designated as 'Appendix Y', itself replaced by 'Mespot' and 'Fortitude', for 'Neptune... Read More

'Torso' was the New Zealand first attack toward Orsogna and the upper reaches of the Moro river in Italy within the context of the Moro river campaign of General Sir Bernard M... Read More

'Tortue' was the Allied plan for the French resistance forces, with support from the British Special Operations Executive and US Office of Strategic Services, to hinder the ro... Read More

'Totalize' was the Canadian offensive to take Falaise in the area to the south of the Allied lodgement in Normandy after 'Overlord' (7/11 August 1944)., The overall object of ... Read More

'Totila' was the German last and unsuccessful attempt to facilitate the break-out of the German garrison of Velikiye Luka in the final stages of the Soviet 'Velikiye Luki Offe... Read More

'Totter' was the British system whereby personnel of Air Commodore Finlay Crerar’s Royal Observer Corps fired 'Snowflake' illuminating rocket flares from the ground to indic... Read More

'Touchstone' was a British naval exercise to test the defences of East Africa in the aftermath of the Japanese 'C' (ii) naval raid into the Indian Ocean (29/30 August 1942)., ... Read More

'Townsman' was a British deception plan controlled from Gibraltar to facilitate the implementation of the 'Torch' landings (October/November 1942)., The plan was the contribut... Read More

'Towpath' was a US unrealised plan by General Douglas MacArthur’s South-West Pacific Area command to seize the western end of New Britain using Major General Julian C. Smith... Read More

'TP' (i) was the designation of the British military trooping convoy (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Rosyth to a Norwegian port (14 April 1940). , The... Read More

'TP' (ii) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Trinidad to Paramaribo, Netherlands Guiana, and as such reciprocals of... Read More

'TP' (iii) was the designation of US military convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Tarawa, Gilbert islands group, to Pearl Harbor, Hawaiian islands... Read More

'TR' was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Trinidad to Recife, Brazil, as as such reciprocals of the 'RT' (ii) series ... Read More

'Trace' was the British advance party of the Special Operations Executive (Norwegians Harald Svindseth and Ragnar Ulstein) for the abortive 'Barbara III' (6 February/16 March ... Read More

'Tracer' (i) was a British unrealised plan to seal six men, with food, water and other essential supplies for seven years, inside the Rock of Gibraltar should this key base ap... Read More

'Tracer' (ii) was a British naval undertaking to deliver air reinforcements to Malta (13/15 June 1941)., It had been intended that the new fleet carrier Victorious would be us... Read More

'Tractable' was the Canadian and Polish development of 'Totalize' by Lieutenant General G. G. Simonds’s II Corps of General H. D. G. Crerar’s 1st Army to take Falaise, and... Read More

'Tradesman' was the Allied programme of land-based air operations against military and naval targets in the Japanese-occupied Netherlands East Indies (1944). ... Read More

'Tradewind' was the US seizure of Morotai island at the northern end of the Halmahera islands group of the Molucca islands archipelago in the Japanese-occupied Netherlands Eas... Read More

'Trägertod' was a U-boat wolfpack operation in the Arctic against the PQ.18 and QP.14 convoys (12/22 September 1942)., The wolfpack comprised U-88, U-377, U-378, U-403, U-405... Read More

'Train' (i) was the British final naval delivery of Supermarine Spitfire single-seat fighters to Malta (28/30 October 1942)., After 'Baritone' (i), the elderly fleet carrier F... Read More