'Beresford' was the British attack from Deir el Munassib in the defence line at El Alamein by Lieutenant General Sir Bernard Freyberg’s New Zealand 2nd Division and Brigadie... Read More

The 'Bereznegovatoye-Snigirevka Offensive Operation' was a Soviet undertaking by the 3rd Ukrainian Front against the 6th Army in the area to the east of Nikolayev in the south... Read More

'Bergbang' was a British operation by the Belgian Independent Parachute Company (5th Special Air Service) to cut some of the German lines of communications in the area to the ... Read More

'Bergenfield' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a six-man team of the 1st Special Force near the village of Canebola in the Monte Ioanez area of the Udine ar... Read More

'Berggeist' was a German operation to ease the partisan pressure on Sarajevo in German-occupied Yugoslavia (16/20 March 1945)., By this time late in the war, the growing stren... Read More

'Bergkessel' was a German operation to drive partisan groups from the area of Shushicë in Albania (14/20 December 1943)., The task was undertaken by the 54th Jägerregiment o... Read More

'Bergmann' was a German programme, suggested by Hauptmann Professor Theodor Oberländer, for the recruitment of Turkoman and other Caucasian peoples, most of them deeply disaf... Read More

'Bergpartie' was a German minor offensive against the partisan forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tito in German-occupied Yugoslavia (January 1945). ... Read More

'Bergrutsch' was a German operation again the partisan forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tito in the Knin and Benkovac areas of the puppet state of Croatia within German-occupied Y... Read More

'Beregwiese' was a German and Croat operation against the partisan forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tito in the puppet state of Croatia in German-occupied Yugoslavia (2/7 March 19... Read More

'Bergwind' was a German and Croat operation by General Helge Auleb’s LXIX Corps in German-occupied Yugoslavia against the army (ex-partisan) forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tit... Read More

'Berlin' (i) was a German naval raid in the Atlantic by the battle-cruisers Gneisenau and Scharnhorst (20 January/22 March 1941)., Postponed after the ships had suffered storm... Read More

'Berlin' (ii) was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man French and US 'Jedburgh' team into the Clermont-Ferrand area of German-occupied France to aid loc... Read More

'Berlin' (iii) was a British operation to evacuate the remnants of Major General R. E. Urquhart’s 1st Airborne Division across the Nederrijn river at the end of the Arnhem b... Read More

The 'Berlin Bombing Offensive Operation' was the Soviet small-scale bombing campaign against Berlin and other German targets, largely for psychological and propaganda reasons,... Read More

The 'Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation' was a Soviet strategic operation by two fronts attacking from the east and south to capture Berlin while a third front overran the G... Read More

'Berliner Lösung' was a German unrealised plan by an anti-Nazi group in the armed forces to effect a coup d'état after gaining control of the armed forces' central communica... Read More

'Bermamotte' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a six-man team into the Soubrebost area of the Creuse region of German-occupied France to establish liaison wi... Read More

'Berna' was a German U-boat refuelling operation (1 June 1940)., On this date the 1,878-ton tanker Bessel entered the Bay of Biscay to refuel and resupply U-29, U-43, U-46, U-... Read More

'Bernard' (i) was a British undertaking by the Special Operations Executive to provide a team which could provide support for the Albanian partisan movement (1943). ... Read More

'Bernard' (ii) was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man British and French 'Jedburgh' team into the Clermont-Ferrand area of German-occupied France to a... Read More

'Bernau' was a German undertaking in the Bay of Biscay to provide escorts, in the form of U-boats of the 'Borkum' (i) wolfpack, for the 6,951-ton blockade runner Osorno, inwar... Read More

'Bernhard' (i) was a German naval minelaying operation in the Strait of Dover by the torpedo boats T 5, T 6, T 7 and T 8 of Korvettenkapitän Walter Riede’s 2nd Torpedoboots... Read More

'Bernhard' (ii) was a German plan, in succession to 'Andreas', to destabilise the British economy by flooding the UK with forged £5, £10, £20 and £50 notes. The plan was c... Read More

'Bernhard' (iii) was a German alternative designation for 'Reinhard' (i) (November 1941/November 1943). ... Read More

The 'Bernhardt-Linie' was a German series of defence lines in central Italy sometimes designated as the 'Reinhard-Linie' (October 1943/January 1944)., The 'Bernhardt-Linie' de... Read More

'Berserk' was a British naval training exercise in the Atlantic Ocean, using the fleet carriers Eagle, Indomitable and Victorious, to hone their crews' fighter direction and m... Read More

'Berta' was an Axis unrealised operation against the partisan forces of Josip Broz Tito in the German puppet state of Croatia in German-occupied Yugoslavia (6/8 January 1943).... Read More

'Bertram' was a British tactical cover and deception plan to conceal the build-up of Lieutenant General B. L. Montgomery’s 8th Army before the 2nd Battle of El Alamein (Octo... Read More

'Bestrafung' was the German 'terror bombing' offensive, otherwise known as 'Castigo' and 'Strafgericht', against Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia, intended to break the pol... Read More

'Beta' (i) was an Axis convoy destroyed by British naval forces in the Mediterranean Sea (8/9 November 1941)., Also known as the Battle of the Duisburg Convoy, after the large... Read More

'Beta' (ii) was an Italian and Croat operation against the partisan forces of Josip Broz Tito in the region of Livno in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia (21/29 October 1942)., The und... Read More

'Beta' (iii) was a British tactical manoeuvre designed for employment against U-boats attacking a convoy (1942/45)., If a surfaced U-boat was sighted shadowing the convoy from... Read More

'Beta' (iv) was a US and Chinese partially realised plan to follow 'Alpha' with an offensive designed first to take Kweilin and Liuchow, and then to drive to the coast at Hong... Read More

'Beton' was a German airborne operation by part of Hauptmann Walter Koch’s Fallschirmjäger-Sturmabteilung 'Koch' of Generalleutnant Kurt Student’s 7th Fliegerdivision and... Read More

'Betray' was the British seizure of the island of Kálymnos, between the islands of Kos and Léros, in the Italian-held Dodecanese islands group of the south-eastern part of t... Read More

'Betsy' was a US special forces operation to parachute an Office of Strategic Services team into the Devesset area of German-occupied France to disrupt the local railway netwo... Read More

'Bettelstab' was a German unrealised offensive by General Albert Wodrig’s XXVI Corps of General Georg Lindemann’s 18th Army against the Soviet formations of General Polkov... Read More

'Bettembourg' was a US tactical deception undertaking to strengthen a perceived weakness in the US line to the north of Metz in eastern France by suggesting the presence in th... Read More

'Bettina' was the German alternative designation for the 'Vercors' offensive against the Maquis de Vercors on the Vercors massif (21 July/5 August 1944). ... Read More

'Betty' (i) was a British naval undertaking to land a sabotage team of the Special Operations Executive at Tongah in Malaya (January 1942). ... Read More

'Betty' (ii) was a US special forces operation to parachute a three-man Office of Strategic Services team into the Valtellina area of German-occupied Italy to aid local resist... Read More

'Beware' was a British unrealised plan for the initial deployment of RAF squadrons to Turkey and their subsequent operation to protect that country should Turkey join the Alli... Read More

'BF' was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Bahia, Brazil, to Freetown, Sierra Leone under US Navy escort, and as such ... Read More

'BG' (i) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Brisbane to Gladstone, Australia (January 1943/July 1944)., The first o... Read More

'BG' (ii) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Milne Bay or other ports of Papua to destinations farther to the west ... Read More

'BG' (iii) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Biak to Morotai or Morotai to Hollandia (November 1944/January 1945).... Read More

'BG5' was an Italian naval attack on major British ships gathered in the Bay of Algeciras, off Gibraltar (17/18 December 1942)., Six frogmen of the Italian 10a Flottiglia MAS,... Read More

'BHX' was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Bermuda to join HX convoys from North American ports to Liverpool (May 194... Read More

The 'Białystok-Minsk Defensive Operation' was the Soviet border defensive undertaking on the central sector of the Eastern Front during the early stages of the German 'Barbar... Read More