'Foudre' was a US special forces operation to parachute a two-man Office of Strategic Services team into the Juvist area of German-occupied France on an intelligence-gathering... Read More

The 'Fourth Enemy Offensive' was the Yugoslav designation for the Axis undertaking, also known to the Yugoslavs as the Battle of the Neretva and the Germans as 'Weiss' (ii), a... Read More

'Fourth Term' was a US one of a pair of offensives by Major General Willis D. Crittenberger’s IV Corps of Lieutenant General Lucian K. Truscott’s 5th Army initially concei... Read More

'Fox' was a US amphibious exercise in the UK by Major General Leonard T. Gerow’s V Corps of Lieutenant General Omar N. Bradley’s 1st Army in preparation for 'Neptune' (iii... Read More

'Foxchase' was a British naval anti-shipping operation off the south-west coast of German-occupied Norway (3/4 April 1945)., The objective was the location and destruction of ... Read More

'Foxley' was a British unrealised plan by the Special Operations Executive to assassinate Adolf Hitler (summer 1944)., The best opportunity for such an undertaking would have ... Read More

'Foxrock' was a British uncompleted special forces operation, conceived after the success of 'Chariot' against St Nazaire, for a part of No. 12 Commando to land and destroy th... Read More

'Foynes' was an Allied deception plan designed to conceal the weakening of the Allied forces in Italy, as formations and landing craft were redeployed from this theatre to the... Read More

'FP' was the designation of Allied military ferry convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route between the UK and Norway (April/May 1940)., The first of these t... Read More

'FPM' (i) was the designation of Allied 'France to Portland Military' convoys (together with a numerical suffix) returning empty after delivering motor transport for use in th... Read More

'FPM' (ii) was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with a numerical suffix) returning empty from the Seine Bay to Portland after delivering motor transport fo... Read More

'FPP' (i) was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with a numerical suffix) returning as 'France to Portland Personnel' convoys, either empty or with wounded m... Read More

'FPP' (ii) was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with a numerical suffix) returning as 'France to Portland Personnel' convoys, either empty or carrying woun... Read More

'FQ' was a British naval undertaking by elements of Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser’s Home Fleet to transport relief personnel and supplies to Spitsbergen island off the north coas... Read More

'FR' was a British naval undertaking to send a number of US-built light warships on transfer to the Soviet navy to the ports of the northern USSR, and also to recover merchant... Read More

'Fracture' was a British naval gunfire bombardment of Trapani on the north-western tip of Sicily, and of the islands of Favignana and Levanzo to the west of it (12 July 1943).... Read More

This was a British unsuccessful naval undertaking to land a party of Special Operations Executive agents on the Italian coast at Moncellia (January 1944). ... Read More

'Francis' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man British, French and US 'Jedburgh' team into the Finisterre area of German-occupied France to establis... Read More

'Franconia' was a US special forces operation to parachute a three-man Office of Strategic Services team into the Valtellina area of German-occupied Italy to aid the local res... Read More

'Frank' (i) was a US deception undertaking planned and executed as a supplement to 'Rosebud', and as such simulated a two-day command post exercise near Felixstowe in East Ang... Read More

'Frank' (ii) was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man British and French 'Jedburgh' team into the Vendée area of German-occupied France to aid local re... Read More

'Frankfurt' was a German unrealised naval undertaking to strengthen the mine barrage system, in effect extending the German coastal mine barrier northward into the North Sea t... Read More

'Franklin' was a British special forces operation by the 4th Régiment des Chasseurs Parachutistes (4th Special Air Service) to support the left flank of Major General Troy H.... Read More

'Frankton' was a British special forces raid by the Special Boat Section ('Boom Patrol Detachment') to destroy German shipping in the port of Bordeaux in south-western France ... Read More

'Frantic' was the US overall designation of the series of shuttle bombing raids by the heavy bomber formations of General Carl A. Spaatz’s Strategic Air Forces (Lieutenant G... Read More

'Frantic Joe' was the US first air raid in the 'Frantic' series, designed to support the Soviet summer offensive timed to coincide with the 'Overlord' invasion of Normandy (2/... Read More

'Franz' (i) was a German operation by a combined force of Sicherheitsdienst personnel, police and SS troops of the Kampfgruppe von Gottberg under the command of SS-Brigadefüh... Read More

'Franz' (ii) was a German operation against the British lines of communication in Iran using special forces by providing support and encouragement for anti-British Qashqai tri... Read More

'Franz' (iii) was a German programme to create an extemporised but capable anti-tank gun by combining the ordnance of the French 75-mm (2.95-in) field gun on the mounting of t... Read More

'Frechdachs' was a German operation to transfer two large merchant ships, the 6,311-ton Kapitän Diedrichsen (ex-Italian Sebastiano Veniero) and 5,419-ton Città di Tunisi, fr... Read More

'Frederick' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man British and US 'Jedburgh' team into the Côtes du Nord area of German-occupied France to assist the... Read More

'Freecar' was an Allied programme of patrols by cruisers, destroyers and aircraft in the 'narrows' part of the Atlantic to interdict U-boats and blockade runners (7/13 Decembe... Read More

'Freedom' was a US undertaking to recover, from Bulgaria, American prisoners of war, most of them airmen whose aircraft had come down in Bulgaria in the course of attacks on t... Read More

'Freehold' was an Allied conference in Athens, the capital of Greece, in an attempt to reach consensus on that country’s political future (25/26 December 1944)., By the summ... Read More

'Freelance' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a two-man British and US team of the Office of Strategic Services into the Puy de Dôme area of German-occupied... Read More

'Freeman' was a British naval undertaking to move a token force of Free Norwegian troops to Murmansk in the northern part of the USSR for participation in the 'Petsamo-Kirkene... Read More

'Freeport/Memphis' was the US parachute delivery of supplies to Major General Matthew B. Ridgway’s 82nd Airborne Division ('Freeport') and Major General Maxwell D. Taylor’... Read More

'Freestone' was the Allied first stage of the planning for the operation which matured as 'Baffle' (autumn 1944). ... Read More

'Freethorpe' was a British operation by the Special Operations Executive to protect the repeater station at Mo-i-Rana in German-occupied Norway, attack railway communications,... Read More

'Freibeuter' was a German operation by Generalleutnant Willibald Utz’s 100th Jägerdivision against partisan forces between Patos and Fratar in German-occupied Albania (22/2... Read More

'Freiheit' was a German air operation, based on the use of 'Mistel' composite aircraft, to destroy bridges over the Oder river and thus slow the westward advances of the Sovie... Read More

'Freimachung West' was a German unrealised plan for the evacuation of the civilian populations of the area to the west of the Saar and, later, the Oberrhein in the event of mi... Read More

'Freischütz' (i) was a German operation by forces of General Erich Jaschke’s LV Corps of General Heinrich Clössner’s 2nd Panzerarmee within Generalfeldmarschall Günther... Read More

'Freischütz' (i') was a German unrealised plan for the occupation of the Vis island off the Dalmatian coast of occupied Yugoslavia (21 February/April 1944)., This Italian-gar... Read More

'Freischütz' (iii) was a German small-scale attempt to relieve the forces trapped round Minsk in Belorussia (29 June/4 July 1944)., These forces had been encircled by Soviet ... Read More

'Freischütz' (iv) was the German alternative designation for 'Scherhorn' (October 1944/20 April 1945). ... Read More

'Freshman' was a Free Norwegian special forces attack on the Vemork 'heavy water' (deuterium oxide) manufacturing facility in Norway (19/20 November 1942)., 'Freshman' was the... Read More

'Freston' was an Allied undercover liaison mission to the resistance forces in German-occupied Poland (26/27 December 1944 onward)., A six-man team led by Colonel Marko Hudson... Read More

'Fretsaw' was a British naval operation against German shipping along the coast of German-occupied Norway (20/23 December 1944)., The objective of this undertaking, which was ... Read More

'Fridericus I' was the German reduction of the Soviet-held Izyum salient by the forces of Generaloberst Ewald von Kleist’s 1st Panzerarmee, under the overall control of Gene... Read More