'Fliederblüte' was a German spoiling attack against the positions of Lieutenant General C. W. Allfrey’s British V Corps of Lieutenant General K. A. N. Anderson’s Allied 1... Read More

'Fliegenfänger' was a German operation against partisan forces in the Osmaci and Memici regions of German-occupied Albania by units of SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant d... Read More

'Fliegerpilz' was a German unrealised plan to mine the Turkish Dardanelles providing access between the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea (September 1944). ... Read More

'Flimwell' was a British unrealised plan for the amphibious seizure of Bassein in the south-west of the main body of Japanese-occupied Burma (spring 1945). , The plan was rend... Read More

'Flintlock' was the US seizure of the southern portion of the Marshall islands group within the 'Bankrate' plan (30 January/4 February 1944)., The Battle of Kwajalein was a si... Read More

'Flipper' (i) was a British special forces raid launched as one of the two initial undertakings of Lieutenant Colonel A. D. Stirling’s 'L' Detachment, Special Air Service Br... Read More

'Flipper' (ii) was an Allied unrealised plan for the development of the British and US line along the Po river in northern Italy for further operations should the German force... Read More

'Flit' was an Allied one of several exercises undertaken in the UK to investigate and develop the concepts required for a descent on German-occupied France (summer and autumn ... Read More

'Float' was an Allied plan conceived and controlled by the British Special Operations Executive and the US Office of Strategic Services to co-ordinate the French resistance fo... Read More

'Floodlights' was the US overall designation of the naval blockade of the Caribbean islands controlled by Vichy France (1942/43)., The French West Indies comprised the Caribbe... Read More

'Florence' was the New Zealand first attack on Orsogna toward the upper reaches of the Moro river within the context of the campaign of General Sir Bernard Montgomery’s Brit... Read More

'Florett' was a German and Croat operation by Generalleutnant Hans Mickl’s 392nd Division (kroatisch) against the 13th 'Primorsko-goranska' Assault Division of Marshal Josip... Read More

'Florian' was the German capture of Mt Nyatowaara on the Finnish front by Oberst August Krakau’s Kampfgruppe 'Krakau' of General Franz Böhme’s XVIII Gebirgskorps in the e... Read More

'Florian Geyer' was the German codeword to trigger preparations for the evacuation of the German civil population from the Reichsgau Wartheland, on each side of the Warthe (Wa... Read More

'Flounced' was a British special forces and Yugoslav partisan attack on Brac island in the Adriatic Sea off the Dalmatian coast of German-occupied Yugoslavia (31 May/5 June 19... Read More

'Flounders' was a US unrealised sequel to 'Purple Whales' (i) (August 1942/late 1942). ... Read More

'Flower' was a British programme of low-level night intruder missions by de Havilland Mosquito warplanes over German airfields (26 March 1944/8 May 1945)., The tactic was empl... Read More

'Flowerpot' was an Allied unrealised plan for the creation of artificial harbours which could be built in major assemblies to be towed to and assembled in assault areas for op... Read More

'Flux' was a British unrealised plan to make an amphibious landing on the coast of the Italian island of Sicily (June 1941). ... Read More

'Flyford' was a British unrealised special forces operation against Stord island off the south-west coast of German-occupied Norway (March 1943). ... Read More

'FM' (i) was a British naval undertaking in which King George V visited the Home Fleet at its primary anchorage at Scapa Flow in the Orkney islands group (9 August 1943). ... Read More

'FM' (ii) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route between Milne Bay or Fall River and Port Moresby, New Guinea, and as such r... Read More

'FN' (i) was the designation of British coastal convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying from Southend on the Thames estuary to Methil on the Firth of Forth, and as s... Read More

'FN' (ii) was a British naval diversionary operation off the southern coast of German-occupied Norway by elements of Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser’s Home Fleet in succession to '... Read More

'FO' was an Allied naval operation to ensure the safe arrival of the US Navy’s Task Group 112.1 in British waters after its passage from Halifax, Nova Scotia (18/19 August 1... Read More

'Foča' was a German, Italian and Croat operation, otherwise known as 'Trio II', against the partisan forces of Josip Broz Tito in the puppet state of Croatia in Axis-occupied... Read More

'Föhn' (i) was a German operation against partisans in the area of the railway line linking Brest-Litovsk and Pinsk in the Belorussian region of the German-occupied western U... Read More

'Föhn' (ii) was a German and Croat operation against the partisan forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tito in the puppet state of Croatia in German-occupied Yugoslavia (20/23 March ... Read More

'Fohr' was a U-boat wolfpack operation in the Atlantic against a number of ON, HX and SC series convoys (18/23 December 1943)., The wolfpack comprised U-92, U-421, U-544, U-62... Read More

'Foil' was a British midget submarine attack on the underwater telephone and teleprinter lines in the Lamma Channel off Japanese-occupied Hong Kong (31 July 1945)., The two ta... Read More

'Follow' was a British component of 'Champion' (i) (winter 1943). ... Read More

'Foorhound' was a British unrealised plan for a special forces raid by Brigadier T. D. L. Churchill’s 2nd Special Service Brigade against the German-held Ugljan and Pasman i... Read More

'Footlight' was the US Navy blockade of the islands of the Vichy French West Indies in the Caribbean (1940/43). ... Read More

'Forager' was the US seizure of the three largest islands of the Mariana islands group within the overall 'Granite' and 'Granite II' plans (15 June/10 August 1944)., During th... Read More

'Force Z' was a British convoy operation between Cape Town and Suez in association with 'Ironclad' (19 February/7 March 1941)., The convoy comprised three 9,900-ton 'Glen' cla... Read More

'Forearm' was a US unrealised plan for the capture of the Admiralty islands group to the north-west of Japanese-occupied New Britain and New Ireland islands (1943)., The seizu... Read More

'Foreground' was the British plan for the defence of Damascus and the fortified positions in the northern part of the Jordan river valley in Syria against the possibility of i... Read More

'Forelle' (i) was a German pair of unrequired defensive plans for implementation in the event of any Allied landings in Greece, especially after the Allies' armistice with Ita... Read More

'Forelle' (ii) was a German undertaking to disrupt the movement of Soviet vessels on the lower reaches of the Danube river so that their own operations to reinforce Budapest, ... Read More

'Forelle' (iii) was a U-boat minelaying operation in the Pechora Sea by Oberleutnant Eberhard Schendel’s U-636 (25 August/12 September 1944)., As part of the 'Dachs' wolfpac... Read More

'Foremost' was a British naval undertaking within 'Cosmic' to concentrate a sizeable force of British submarines off the coast of German-occupied Norway on receipt of intellig... Read More

'Foretop' was a Allied unrealised plan for a special forces amphibious raid on the U-boat pens along the west coast of German-occupied France (1942/43)., The plan was abandone... Read More

'Forfar' was a British series of commando reconnaissance raids on the north coast of German-occupied France (July/September 1943)., The raids were part of 'Starkey', which was... Read More

This was a British unrealised plan, related to 'Tindall', for a special forces raid on the Skarsten area of the Åspenes region on the west coast of German-occupied Norway (Oc... Read More

'Fork' was the British naval delivery and landing of Colonel R. G. Sturges’s 'Sturges' Force (746 men centred on the 2/Royal Marines, with additional weapons) to Iceland in ... Read More

'Forrard One' was the British advance to Bremen in northern Germany by Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey’s 2nd Army of Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery’s Allied 21s... Read More

'Forstrat' was a German offensive against the partisan forces of Josip Broz Tito in German-occupied Yugoslavia (31 May/4 June 1942). ... Read More

'Fortitude' was the Allied deception plan within 'Bodyguard' designed to persuade the Germans that the main Allied invasion of continental Europe would target the Pas de Calai... Read More

'Fortune' was the Allied naval operation in support of 'Neptune' (iii) and 'Overlord' (6 June 1944)., Under the overall command of a British officer, Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsa... Read More

'Foscott' was a British special forces undertaking by the Special Operations Executive in German-occupied Norway to train the Milorg (Norwegian military resistance organisatio... Read More