'Hopeakettu' was the Finnish designation of the operation undertaken jointly by Finland and Germany, and known to the latter as 'Silberfuchs' (29 June/17 November 1941). ... Read More

'Horace' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man French and US 'Jedburgh' team into the Finisterre area of German-occupied France to establish liaison ... Read More

'Horlicks' was the US seizure of Biak island, largest of the Shouten islands group in Geelvink Bay, off the north-west coast of Japanese-occupied Netherlands New Guinea by ele... Read More

'Hornbläser' was a German unrealised plan for a German and Italian destroyer attack on the harbour of Alexandria, the primary base of Admiral Sir Henry Harwood’s Mediterran... Read More

'Hornblower' was the British second stage of the preparations for the demolition of the harbour of Alexandria on Egypt’s Mediterranean coast in the event that the Axis groun... Read More

'Hornpipe' was the Allied codeword for use in place of 'Neptune' (iii) and 'Overlord' to indicate a delay in the launch date from 5 to 6 June (June 1944). ... Read More

'Hornung' was a German operation in the rear area of Generalfeldmarschall Ernst Busch’s 16th Army against so-called partisans, Jews and other 'undesirables' in the region of... Read More

'Horrido' was a German series of three small operations by Generalmajor Hans Kreppel’s 100th Jägerdivision against partisan forces operating in the south-eastern part of Al... Read More

'Horror' was the US geographical rather than operational codename for Ulithi atoll at the western end of the Caroline islands group in the western Pacific (1941/45)., Ulithi a... Read More

'Horse' was a British special forces operation by No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando of Brigadier B. W. Leicester’s 4th Commando Brigade before the beginning of 'Elephant' (ii) ... Read More

'Horthley I' was a British special forces operation to parachute a three-man Special Operations Executive team into German-occupied Yugoslavia (20 April 1943 onward). ... Read More

'Hostage' (i) was a British tactical deception undertaking in Tunisia to aid the 'Wop' US attack from Gafsa toward Gabès, and thus support the breakthrough by General Sir Ber... Read More

'Hostage' (ii) was a British pair of diversionary deceptions by Colonel David Strangeways' 'R' Force in support of the operations of Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey’s B... Read More

'Hostile' was a British series of naval minelaying operations off the north-west coast of German-occupied France using both shallow- and deep-water mines to target ships and U... Read More

'Hotbed' was a British naval undertaking, with Admiral Sir Henry Moore’s Home Fleet providing distant cover, associated with the passage of the JW.64 and RA.64 convoys to an... Read More

'Hotplate' was the Allied overall designation for operations against the Japanese forces on New Guinea (1944). ... Read More

'Hotstuff' was a US radio deception undertaking as part of 'Quickfire' in support of the 'Torch' invasion forces making the passage from the eastern seaboard of the USA direct... Read More

'Houndsmith' was a British special forces undertaking by thed Special Air Service near Dijon in the east central part of German-occupied France (1944)., A group of almost 150 ... Read More

'Houndsworth' was a British special forces operation by A Squadron, 1st Special Air Service, to establish a base in the Forêt de Morvan near Rouvray from which to harass the ... Read More

'Housekeeper' (i) was a British unrealised special forces operation by the Special Operations Executive to sabotage the lock gates at Lesdain near St Quentin in the north-east... Read More

'Housekeeper' (ii) was a British radio deception operation by Colonel David Strangeways' 'R' Force in North-Western Europe designed to suggest to the Germans that the fictiona... Read More

'Howard' was a British special forces operation by B and C Squadrons, 1st Special Air Service, to provide reconnaissance for Major General C. Vokes’s Canadian 4th Armoured D... Read More

'HP' was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical and sometimes a literal suffix) plying the route from the heel of Italy to Piraeus, Greece, and as such r... Read More

'HS' was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical and sometimes a literal suffix) plying the route from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Sydney, New Brunswick, and... Read More

'HSM' was a British naval sweep from Scapa Flow into the North Sea by the destroyers Gallant, Intrepid and Ivanhoe with what was, for the time, a high degree of air co-operati... Read More

'HT' was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Trinidad, and as such reciprocals of the 'TH' seri... Read More

'HU1' was a British naval minelaying operation in the waters of the Ile Vierge off the north-west coast of German-occupied France (late 1941). ... Read More

'Hubertus' (i) was the German unrealised contingency plan against the possibility of a Soviet pre-emptive invasion of Romania before the Germans could implement their own 'Bar... Read More

'Hubertus' (ii) was the German fourth and final offensive by Generaloberst Friedrich Paulus’s 6th Army and part of Generaloberst Hermann Hoth’s 4th Panzerarmee of Generalo... Read More

'Hubertus' (iii) was a German operation against partisan forces operating in the Pindos mountains of German-occupied Greece (November 1943)., Together with 'Panther' (vii), 'P... Read More

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'Hubertusjagd' was a German operation ordered by Generaloberst Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Weichs’s Heeresgruppe 'B' to commit Generalmajor Hans-Georg Leyser’s 29th Divi... Read More

'Huckabuck' was a British special forces reconnaissance raid by 10 men of the Small Scale Raiding Force against the German positions on the island of Herm in the German-occupi... Read More

'Huddle' was a US unrealised plan for the occupation of Ndeni island, in the Santa Cruz islands group, some 250 miles (400 km) to the east of the Solomons islands group, as an... Read More

'Hugh' was a British special forces operation to drop a three-man 'Jedburgh' team of the Special Air Service into the Châteuroux area of the Indre département of German-occu... Read More

'Hula' was a US programme to transfer ships from the US Navy to Vitse Admiral Ivan S. Yumashev’s Soviet Pacific Fleet at bases along the eastern seaboard of Siberia (10 Apri... Read More

'Humid' was the Canadian advance to the Hollandsch Diep, the wide waterway separating the area between Breda and the Dutch coast from the island of Beijerland and the waterway... Read More

'Hummel' was a German intelligence-gathering programme for 'Seelöwe' (July/August 1940)., For this task the Germans had to rely heavily on secondary sources such as guide boo... Read More

'Hummer' (i) was a German plan to infiltrate agents and saboteurs into the UK from German-occupied Norway and northern France (July 1940/26 April 1942)., The plan was begun be... Read More

'Hummer' (ii) was a German plan by the Abwehr to infiltrate three German agents into Éire (Irish Free State) within the overall 'Hummer' (i) operation (July 1940)., The first... Read More

'Humour' was a British unrealised plan to seize and hold Spanish Morocco as a pre-emptive measure in the event that the Germans launched an invasion of the Iberian peninsula (... Read More

'Hump' was the US nickname rather than formal codename for the air route created to take off from India and overfly the eastern end of the Himalayan mountains for the supply o... Read More

'Hundessohn' was a German unrealised contingency plan for the seizure of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, by SS-Oberführer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS Friedrich-Wilhelm Boc... Read More

The 'Hundred Regiments Offensive' was a Chinese major campaign by the communist Red Army, under the command of Peng Te-huai, against the Japanese army in the north-central reg... Read More

The 'Hunger-Plan' was a German economic management scheme, otherwise known as the 'Backe-Plan', created to ensure that Germans were given priority in food supplies at the expe... Read More

'Hunt' was a British unrealised contingency plan for a military intervention in Éire (Irish Free State) in the event of a German landing (1941). ... Read More

'Hurdy' was a British special forces operation by a Jeep-mounted party of the Special Air Service behind the German lines in France (July 1944). ... Read More

'Hurricane I' was an Allied concentrated bomber attack on German targets in the industrial Ruhr (14/15 October 1944)., 'Hurricane I' was a joint undertaking by RAF Bomber Comm... Read More

'Hurricane II' was an Allied unrealised plan for a concentrated bomber offensive against industrial targets in all surviving German-controlled areas (spring 1945). ... Read More

'Hurry' (i) was the British first naval and air undertaking to reinforce Malta’s air defences shortly after Italy’s entry into the war (31 July/4 August 1940)., On 11 June... Read More