'Aster' (ii) was the German evacuation of forces from Estonia as a result of the Soviet 'Tartu Offensive Operation' (17/25 September 1944)., The German forces involved were Ge... Read More

'Asterisk' was British unrealised plan to establish the Free French movement of Général de Brigade Charles de Gaulle on the island of Madagascar after the completion of 'Iro... Read More

'Astonia' was the British undertaking by Lieutenant General J. T. Crocker’s British I Corps of General H. D. G. Crerar’s Canadian 1st Army within Field Marshal Sir Bernard... Read More

'Astra' was a German convoy operation between Romania and the south coast of Crimea in the Black Sea (11/13 May 1944)., The convoy was targeted by Soviet naval forces includin... Read More

'Astrakhan' was a British special forces amphibious reconnaissance operation for 'Sunstar' (12/13 November 1941)., The raid on Houlgate and Les Hemmes on the north coast of Ge... Read More

'Astrolabe' was a British Jeep-mounted special forces raid from the mouth of the Tenna river in Italy by 'Popski’s Private Army' (14/15 June 1944)., Popski’s Private Army ... Read More

'Astrologer' was the British movement of two unescorted merchant ships from Gibraltar to Malta (12/15 November 1941)., In an attempted deception, the 5,649-ton Empire Defender... Read More

'Astrologo' was the Italian overall designation for the air force’s programme, seldom needed, of torpedo bomber attacks against single ships plying to and from Malta after t... Read More

'AT' (i) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Alexandria to Tobruk on the north coast of Africa, and as such reciproc... Read More

'AT' (ii) was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with a numerical suffix) ferrying troops across the North Atlantic from the USA to the UK often in large lin... Read More

'AT' (iii) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix ) plying the Italian east coast route between Ancona and Trieste (June 1945)., There were on... Read More

'Athletic' was a British carrierborne air attack by elements of Admiral Sir Henry Moore’s Home Fleet on German shipping in harbours between Narvik and Trondheim along the we... Read More

'Atlantic' was a Canadian subsidiary pinning operation by Lieutenant General G. G. Simonds’s II Corps round Caen within Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey’s British 2nd ... Read More

'Atlantis' was a British unrealised operation against a target in the northern part of German-occupied Norway (?). ... Read More

'Atlas' was the British definitive form of the operation planned as 'Gainsborough' to accomplish a major reinforcement of the garrison forces on Cyprus (1942). ... Read More

'ATM' was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Antwerp to the Thames river after delivering supplies and equipme... Read More

'Atmosphere' was the British establishment of a base at Mersa Kuba, to the north of Massawa, in order to facilitate the capture of the latter, which was the major port of Ital... Read More

'Attaboy' was a British special forces raid on Knokke on the coast of German-occupied Belgium (October 1942). ... Read More

'Attacke' was a German minelaying operation in the Mediterranean off the northern tip of Corsica (22/23 December 1943). , The operarion was undertaken by the minelayer Nieders... Read More

'Attempt' was a British unrealised operation against the Japanese forces in the Arakan western coastal region of Japanese-occupied Burma (February 1945). ... Read More

'Attendant' was a British movement of the RAF’s No. 80 Squadron from Egypt to Greece to bolster the Greek air-defence effort shortly after the start of the Italian 'Emergenz... Read More

'Attika' was a German operation by Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm List’s Heeresgruppe 'A', under the direct command of the Oberkommando des Heeres from 10 September 1942, to b... Read More

'Attila' was a German plan for the emergency occupation of Vichy France, without Italian involvement, in the event of increasing French support for the Allies (summer 1940/aut... Read More

'Aubrey' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man British and French 'Jedburgh' team into the Seine et Marne area of German-occupied France (12 August 1... Read More

'Audacity' was a British unrealised plan to land a major raiding force at Ålesund, on the west coast of German-occupied Norway, with the object of drawing a substantial porti... Read More

'Audrey' was the Allied delivery of supplies and matériel across the Adriatic Sea to support the partisan forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tito in German-occupied Yugoslavia (15 ... Read More

'Auerhahn' was a German operation against partisans in the Bobruysk area of the Belorussia region in the German-occupied western USSR (7/17 March 1944). ... Read More

'Aufbau Ost' was the German programme for the gradual eastward shift of troops, weapons, equipment and supplies into occupied Poland in preparation for the launch of 'Barbaros... Read More

'Auferstehung' was the German undertaking to commandeer comparatively large numbers of private vehicles to boost the motor transport strength of the German forces on the Easte... Read More

'Aufnahme' was a U-boat wolfpack operation in the Arctic Ocean off the north-west coast of German-occupied Norway (7/11 March 1942)., The wolfpack comprised U-377, U-403, U-45... Read More

'Augsburg' (i) was a German plan for the emergency implementation of a major offensive, originally known as 'Elbe', against any or all of the powers of western Europe (20 Nove... Read More

'Augsburg' (ii) was a German pair of naval minelaying operations against the coastal shipping lanes off the English south coast town of Eastbourne (February and March 1941)., ... Read More

'Augustus' (i) was a German operation against Greek resistance forces along the coast of the Ionian Sea by Generalleutnant Walter Stettner Ritter von Grabenhofen’s 1st Gebir... Read More

'Augustus' (ii) was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man French and US 'Jedburgh' team into the Loire area of German-occupied France (15 August 1944). ... Read More

'Auk' was a British operation by the Special Operations Executive to reinforce the 'Arquebus' and 'Albatross' parties in the Haugesund area of German-occupied Norway, to reorg... Read More

'Aurora' was the designation of the German naval decision that cruisers were to be deployed against Allied convoys only when there were no Allied heavy warships covering the c... Read More

'Ausfuhr-Staffel' was a German cover operation to conceal the shipment of matériel (especially heavy weapons) by sea for use by the forces involved in 'Weserübung Nord' (Apr... Read More

'Ausladung' was a German advance by Generalmajor Hasso-Eccard Freiherr von Manteuffel’s Division 'von Manteuffel' of Generaloberst Hans-Jürgen von Arnim’s (from 28th Febr... Read More

'Auster' (i) was the German revised codename for the Studie 'Nord' concerned with the inclusion of Denmark and Norway in Germany’s plans for offensive strategic operations (... Read More

'Auster' (ii) was a German naval minelaying operation to the north-west of the island of Elba in the Ligurian Sea off the west coast of Italy by ex-Italian torpedo boats of Ko... Read More

'Ausverkauf' was the German codeword to start the despatch of ships from the anchorage off the Sworbe peninsula of the Estonian island of Saaremaa (Ösel in German) to support... Read More

'Author' was the Allied logistic operation to deliver stores to Major General Troy H. Middleton’s US VIII Corps of Lieutenant General George S. Patton’s US 3rd Army (from ... Read More

'Autogiro/Urchin' was a British naval undertaking in which four agents of the Special Operations Executive were landed by Fidelity at Le Barcarès on the south-west coast of V... Read More

'Autoklau' was a German small-scale naval undertaking to effect the evacuation of modest numbers of vehicles from the area held by the German forces cut-off in the Kurland pen... Read More

'Autonomous' was a British secret mission by the Special Operations Executive to discuss with the Romanian government the possibility of a Romanian defection from the Axis to ... Read More

'Avalanche' was the Allied first strategic landing on the Italian mainland in the Gulf of Salerno just to the south of Naples on the west coast (9/17 September 1943). , The op... Read More

'Avenger' (i) was an Allied offensive round Cassino on the western side of Italy to the south-east of Rome, leading to the 2nd Battle of Cassino (15/18 February 1944)., The Ba... Read More

'Avenger' (ii) was an Allied cover plan designed to facilitate a possible advance by General Sir Bernard Montgomery’s British 21st Army Group into northern Germany by sugges... Read More

'Avenger II' was an Allied supplement to 'Avenger' (ii), and as such a cover plan designed to confuse the Germans as to whether the Allies intended to make their main thrust i... Read More

'Avgust Buri' was the Soviet seizure of Manchukuo, Menjiang (Inner Mongolia), the northern portion of Korea, the southern portion of Sakhalin island and, in a subsidiary under... Read More