'Antagonist' (ii) was a US special forces operation to parachute one doctor and a small operational group on Office of Strategic Services personnel into the La Croisille area ... Read More

'Anteroom' was a British special forces raid on a target in the bay of Mont St Michel on the Normandy coast of German-occupied northern France (July 1944). ... Read More

'Anthony' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man French and US 'Jedburgh' team into the Loire area of German-occupied France (14 August 1944 onward). ... Read More

'Anthropoid' was the Czechoslovak special forces mission, also known as 'Daybreak', to assassinate SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, Reichsprotektor of the Reichsprotek... Read More

'Anti-Atlas' was a German unsuccessful attempt to fly agents into Allied-liberated North Africa (January 1943)., The undertaking represented an effort by the Abwehr intelligen... Read More

'Antidote' was a British naval undertaking by the 13th Minesweeping Flotilla, based at Bizerte, to clear mines off Galita and Sousse in the Tunisian coastal waters of North Af... Read More

'Antimon' was the German programme, in succession to 'Olivenbaum', for the delivery of additional war matériel to Romania as Soviet forces approached that country’s north-e... Read More

This was a British special forces operation by the Special Operations Executive to parachute a three-man team into German-occupied Czechoslovakia (23 October 1942 onward). ... Read More

'Antipodes' was a British and Free Norwegian plan, created in Stockholm, the capital of neutral Sweden, by the Special Operations Executive, British Foreign Office and the Mil... Read More

'Anton' was the Axis definitive form of 'Attila' for the German and Italian seizure of Vichy France (10/17 November 1942)., The start of the operation was ordered by Adolf Hit... Read More

'Antrum' (i) was a British operation by the Special Operations Executive to establish radio contact and develop resistance groups in the Ålesund area of German-occupied Norwa... Read More

'Antrum' (ii) was a British operation by the Special Operations Executive to send K. J. Aarsæther back to the Ålesund area with two wireless sets, crystals, and two signals ... Read More

'Antrum Green' was a British operation by the Special Operations Executive in succession to 'Antrum' in German-occupied Norway (January/September 1944)., Delivered by sea, Knu... Read More

'Antrum Yellow/Grey' was a British operation by the Special Operations Executive to organise and instruct groups in the Ålesund area of German-occupied Norway, supply weapons... Read More

'Antwerp X' was an Allied defensive undertaking to ring the aerial approaches to liberated Antwerp, the major port on the coast of Belgium, with layers of fighter squadrons an... Read More

'Anvil' (i) was a British operation by the Special Operations Executive to establish radio contact and organise resistance groups in the area round Lillehammer in German-occup... Read More

'Anvil' (ii) was the Allied first plan for the invasion of southern France as the Mediterranean counterpart of the northern effort against Normandy in one of its earlier itera... Read More

'Anvil' (iii) was the US counterpart of 'Aphrodite' (ii) using time-expired and/or obsolescent Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, adapted as explosive-filled BQ-8 dron... Read More

'Anybody' was an Allied exercise on the south coast of England to test and improve embarkation, disembarkation and beach assault techniques in preparation for 'Overlord' (1944... Read More

'Aob' was a Japanese sub-operation within 'Al' for the seizure of Kiska island in the Aleutian islands group by the 500 naval troops of Captain Takejo Ono’s 3rd Special Land... Read More

'AP' (i) was the designation of British troopship convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from the UK to Egypt very soon after Italy’s entry into the war... Read More

'AP' (ii) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical and often a literal suffix) plying the route from Aden to ports of the Persian Gulf, and as such rec... Read More

The 'Apatin-Kaposvár Offensive Operation' in the Hungarian/Yugoslav border area was the Soviet and Yugoslav undertaking known to the latter as the 'Batinska Operacija' (7 Nov... Read More

'Aphorism' was a US unrealised plan for the capture of Japanese-occupied Nauru island at about the same time as 'Galvanic' to take Tarawa atoll in the Gilbert islands group (1... Read More

'Aphrodite' (i) was a German naval undertaking in which two ex-Italian torpedo boats of Korvettenkapitän Wirich von Gartzen’s 10th Torpedoboots-Flottille laid a minefield t... Read More

'Aphrodite' (ii) was a US programme to use obsolete and/or time-expired Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers as remotely controlled flying bombs (1944/45)., This was seen... Read More

'Apology' was the British alternative designation for 'Hats' (30 August/5 September 1940). ... Read More

'Apostle' (ii) was the Allied unrealised contingency plan for a return to German-occupied Norway in the event that the German forces in the country surrendered while the rest ... Read More

'Appearance' was a British pair of landings, to the east and west of Berbera, on the coast of Italian-occupied British Somaliland and paving the way to the recapture of the co... Read More

'Appease' was a US amphibious landing near Talasea on the waist of the Willaumez peninsula on the north coast of the island of New Britain by Colonel Oliver P. Smith’s reinf... Read More

'Appendix Y' was the Allied interim designation for the cover and deception operation originally designated as 'Torrent' and itself replaced by 'Mespot' and 'Fortitude', to su... Read More

'Appian' was a British programme to transfer large amphibious warfare vessels from the UK to the Far East (late 1944/early 1945)., After 'Overlord', the need for such vessels ... Read More

'Apple' (i) was a US Office of Strategic Services' psychological warfare programme to undermine the morale of the German fortress troops based on Crete (May 1944). ... Read More

'Apple' (ii) was a Chinese airborne raid by the 1st Parachute Commando to cut the Japanese lines of communication near Kai-ping in the Pearl River delta region (12 July 1945).... Read More

'Appledore' was the British movement of Brigadier K. P. Smith’s 1st (Malta) Brigade from Malta to the Middle East for training before use in 'Husky' (i) as Brigadier R. E. U... Read More

'Applejack' was an Allied unrealised naval undertaking to repeat 'Leader' with further attacks by the aircraft of the US light fleet carrier Ranger against German shipping in ... Read More

'Appreciation' was a British pair of special forces operations ('Appreciation I' and 'Appreciation II') to parachute three-man parties of the Special Operations Executive’s ... Read More

'Approach' was a British operation by ships of Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham’s Mediterranean Fleet to move supplies from Alexandria to Tobruk along the North African coast a... Read More

'Apricot' was a US special forces operation to parachute a four-man Office of Strategic Services team into the northern part of German-occupied Italy to establish links with t... Read More

'April' was a German deep reconnaissance undertaking to the east of Lake Nizhny in the northern part of the USSR, where SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS Lot... Read More

'Aprilia' was an Italian supply convoy operation from southern Italian ports to Tripoli in the Italian North African colony of Libya (13/19 April 1942)., The operation compris... Read More

'Aq' was the Japanese seizure of Attu island in the Aleutian islands group as part of the larger-scale 'Al' undertaking (7 June 1942)., Attu island lies near the western end o... Read More

'Aquarius' was a British naval undertaking by a motor gun boat of the 15th Motor Gun Boat Flotilla in support of British special forces and Norwegian resistance fighters on Sk... Read More

'Aquatint' was a British special forces raid on Ste Honorine near Port en Bessin on the north coast of German-occupied France by an element of the Small Scale Raiding Force (1... Read More

'Aquila' (i) was a German-conceived Axis operation to use Italian submarines as transport vessels (20 February 1943)., At a meeting with Adolf Hitler, Grossadmiral Karl Dönit... Read More

'Aquila' (ii) was an Allied unrealised plan to enlarge the air strength based on Indian bases and so facilitate the speed and extent of the destruction they could exercise on ... Read More

'Aquila III' was an Italian long-range deployment operation whereby the submarine Comandante Cappellino was transferred from a port on the west coast of German-occupied France... Read More

'AR' was a British and Soviet naval sweep to locate and destroy German coastal shipping between Nordkyn and Vardø in German-occupied northern Norway (24/25 November 1941)., T... Read More

'Arabian' was a British unrealised plan to capture the U-boat bases in the Brittany region of German-occupied France by combined assault (summer 1943)., The operation was late... Read More

'Arabian Nights' was the British second 'Thousand Force' bombing raid, flown against Essen, by Air Marshal Sir Arthur Harris’s Bomber Command of the RAF in succession to 'Mi... Read More