'Judgement' (i) was the British carrierborne air attack, within the context of 'MB8', on units of the Italian fleet in Taranto harbour as the world’s first all-aircraft vers... Read More

'Judgement' (ii) was a British carrierborne air attack by elements of Admiral Sir Henry Moore’s Home Fleet on the U-boat base at Kilbotn, 5 miles (8 km) to the south of Hars... Read More

'Juggler' was a US two-element heavy bomber attack by Major General Frederick L. Anderson’s VIII Bomber Command of Major General Ira C. Eaker’s 8th AAF against the product... Read More

'Jugulated' was the Allied partially realised plan for the rapid seizure and occupation of strategically important places (both mainland and island) and installations in the P... Read More

'Julian I' was a Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man British and French 'Jedburgh' team into the Indre et Loire area of German-occupied France to aid loca... Read More

'Julian II' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a three-man French 'Jedburgh' team into the Haut Rhin area of German-occupied France (19 November 1944 onward).... Read More

'Julius' (i) was the British naval and merchant marine undertaking for the relief of Malta, which was under severe threat from the Axis powers and on the verge of public starv... Read More

'Julius' (ii) was the British successor to the cancelled 'Brutus' (i) by Vice Admiral Sir James Somerville’s Eastern Fleet, and provided a short-term loan of warships to Adm... Read More

'Julius Caesar' was a British unrealised plan to repel any combined airborne and seaborne invasion of the UK (1939/40)., Launched in October 1939, the planning was the respons... Read More

'Jumper' was the British overall designation for the programme of operations proposed for 1943 by Vice Admiral the Lord Louis Mountbatten’s (from October 1943 Major General ... Read More

'Juneau' was the US naval minesweeping operation off Okinawa after 'Iceberg' and in support of continuing operations (April/July 1945)., The undertaking lasted into the later ... Read More

'Jungle' (i) was a British unrealised plan to send forces to Thrace and Anatolia to support Turkey in the event of a German invasion from Bulgaria (October 1940)., The German ... Read More

'Jungle' (ii) was the Allied base in the 'heel' of Italy from which operations of the Special Operations Executive and Office of Strategic Services were launched across the Ad... Read More

'Juno' (i) was a German naval raid off the west coast of Norway by the battle-cruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, accompanied by the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper, together wit... Read More

'Juno' (ii) was the Canadian assault beach of Major General R. F. L. Keller’s Canadian 3rd Division and Brigadier R. A. Wyman’s Canadian 2nd Armoured Brigade of Lieutenant... Read More

'Jupiter' (i) was a British unrealised series of plans for an assault landing in German-occupied Norway to capture the northern airfields at Banak, Kirkenes and Petsamo used b... Read More

'Jupiter' (ii) was a British offensive by Lieutenant General Sir Richard O’Connor’s VIII Corps of Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey’s 2nd Army to take and then break ... Read More

'Jupiter' (iii) was a French undertaking to take the Ile d’Oléron, one of a group of German-held positions along the west coast of France including Brest, La Rochelle, Lori... Read More

'Jurisdiction' was an Allied unrealised deception operation, by the Ops (B) deception branch of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, designed to confuse the Ge... Read More

'Justine' was a US special forces operation to parachute an Office of Strategic Services operational group into the Vassieux area of German-occupied France to aid the local re... Read More

'JV' was a British special forces attack by two men of No. 101 (Folbot) Troop of No. 6 Commando against 5,500-ton bulk ore carrier in Boulogne harbour on the north coast of Ge... Read More

'JW' was the designation of Allied Arctic convoys (together with a numerical and sometimes a literal suffix) plying from Loch Ewe in north-western Scotland via Iceland to port... Read More

'K' (i) was the designation of French convoys (together with a numerical and sometimes a literal suffix) plying the route from Casablanca, Morocco, to Brest, the Gironde estua... Read More

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K' (iii) was an Italian one of a related pair of trans-Mediterranean convoys with 'C' (iv) (22/24 April 1942)., 'K' (iii) operated from Tripoli to Naples, and 'C' (iv) from Tr... Read More

'K-1' was a Japanese naval reconnaissance of and limited attack on Pearl Harbor, the main base of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz’s US Pacific Fleet in the Hawaiian islands group ... Read More

'K-2' was a Japanese unrealised naval plan for the bombing of the harbour facilities and other installations of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz’s US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor ... Read More

'K-Shell Plan' was a British deception, disseminated largely by rumour and generally unsuccessful in that it lacked any clear object, by Lieutenant Colonel Dudley W. Clarke’... Read More

'K-7' was an Italian operation to pass two convoys from Messina in Sicily and Corfu in the Ionian Sea to Tripoli in North Africa (21/23 February 1942)., Departing from Messina... Read More

'KA' (i) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Kilindini, Kenya, to Aden, and as such reciprocals of the 'AK' series (... Read More

'Ka' (ii) was the Japanese counter-offensive in the Solomon islands group in response to the US invasion of Florida and Guadalcanal islands in the 'Ringbolt' and 'Watchtower' ... Read More

'Kadella' was a German parachute delivery of agents into the Marseille area of liberated southern France (autumn 1944). ... Read More

'Kalahari' was a German naval minelaying operation in the Skagerrak (3/4 August 1944)., The operation was undertaken by the minelayers Ostmark and Kaiser, and destroyers Karl ... Read More

'Kalawrita' was a German operation against Greek resistance fighters and then the massacre of all the males and the subsequent total destruction of the town of Kalavryta as th... Read More

'Kalender-Aktion' was a German programme to withdraw middle- and lower-ranking elements of industrial management for the reinforcement of front-line formations in an emergency... Read More

The 'Kalinin Defensive Operation' was the Soviet third of seven sub-operations which together constituted the 'Moscow Strategic Defensive Operation', and was designed as succe... Read More

The 'Kalinin Offensive Operation' was the Soviet third of the seven sub-operations together constituting the 'Moscow Strategic Offensive Operation' (5 December 1941/7 January ... Read More

The 'Kalinkovichi-Mozyr Offensive Operation' was a Soviet undertaking by elements of the Belorussian Front in the Gomel region of Belorussia (8/30 January 1944)., In the cours... Read More

This was a German limited offensive to pinch out the Soviet salient round Sukhinichi, extending between Kaluga and Belev on its northern and southern shoulders, on the Eastern... Read More

The 'Kaluga Offensive Operation' was the Soviet fifth of the six sub-operations together constituting the 'Moscow Strategic Offensive Operation' (17 December 1941/5 January 19... Read More

'Kamelie' (i) was a German unrealised plan for the seizure of the Vichy French island of Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea (1941). ... Read More

'Kamelie' (ii) was the German plan, based on 'Kamelie' (i) and created by a department of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht from 9 March 1941, used for the Italian seaborne occup... Read More

'Kameraden' was a German series of undertakings by small coastal craft, including Linsen explosive boats, to interrupt Allied maritime supply operations off the coast of Belgi... Read More

'Kammerjäger' was an Axis operation to check the arrival of fresh partisan units of Marshal Josip Broz Tito’s forces in the Serb region of German-occupied Yugoslavia (mid-M... Read More

The 'Kampf um Rom' was the German overall scheme for the defence of the Nettuno area of Italy in the event that the Allies attempted a direct assault on the west coast of the ... Read More

'Kan' was a Japanese defensive plan devised by General Heitaro Kimura’s Burma Area Army for the protection of the Burmese western coastal region of Arakan and the lower part... Read More

'Kanal' was the German U-boat response in the English Channel against the ships of the Allied 'Neptune' (iii) naval forces delivering and supporting the land forces for 'Overl... Read More

'Kantai Kessen' was the Japanese naval doctrine for a decisive battle with the US Navy to decide the outcome of the Pacific War (1941/45)., The 'Kantai Kessen' (decisive battl... Read More

'Kantokuen' was a Japanese plan created by the general staff of the Imperial Japanese army for an invasion and occupation of the far eastern region of the USSR (June/August 19... Read More

'Kappa' was an Italian convoy operation across the Mediterranean between Libya and Italy (9/10 March 1942)., The convoy was basically identical to the simultaneous 'Iota', and... Read More