Otherwise known as the 2nd Battle of Brody, the 'Lwów Offensive Operation' was the Soviet undertaking that was the first of the three sub-operations by the 1st Ukrainian Fron... Read More

Directly followed by the 'Kiev Strategic Defensive Operation', the 'Lwów-Chernovtsy Strategic Defensive Operation' was the Soviet undertaking to attempt to hold the western p... Read More

The 'Lwów-Sandomierz Strategic Offensive Operation' was the Soviet offensive to clear the German and Hungarian forces from north-western Ukraine and south-eastern Poland (13 ... Read More

'Lycidas' was a British naval undertaking as a repeat of the abandoned 'Tenable' against targets along and off the coast of German-occupied Norway such as the Ramisøysund, Le... Read More

'Lynchpin' (i) was a British plan to send troops to reinforce the garrison strength in Iraq (1940/41). ... Read More

'Lynchpin' (ii) was a British unrealised plan for the capture of Ramree island off the Arakan western coastal region of Japanese-occupied Burma (1943). ... Read More

'Lyric' was the British movement of the main formations of Lieutenant General Sir William Slim’s 14th Army back to India after the recapture of Burma for retraining and reha... Read More

'Lyster' was a British pair of naval undertakings, otherwise known as 'EF' (i), to block the Belgian ports of Zeebrugge and Ostend before the arrival of German forces (25/26 M... Read More

The 'Lyuban Offensive Operation' was a Soviet unsuccessful attempt to relieve Leningrad (7 January/30 April 1942)., The Soviet offensive of the worst winter months of 1941/42 ... Read More

'M' (i) was a British unrealised operation by the Special Operations Executive to intercept and capture the Japanese auxiliary armed merchant cruiser and intelligence-gatherin... Read More

'M' (ii) was the Japanese invasion and conquest of the Philippine islands group (22 December 1941/6 May 1942)., This island group is the second largest archipelago in the worl... Read More

'M' (iii) was an Italian convoy operation across the Mediterranean (3/6 July 1942)., At this time there were two Italian convoys on passage from Tripoli and Benghazi in North ... Read More

'M' (iv) was an Italian convoy operation across the Mediterranean (20/23 July 1942)., Bound from Brindisi in south-eastern Italy to Benghazi in Libya, the convoy comprised one... Read More

'M.41' was an Italian convoy from southern Italy to North Africa (13/16 December 1941)., When Italy declared war on France and the UK on 10 June 1940, its navy was one of the ... Read More

'M.42' was an Italian convoy operation from Italy to North Africa leading to the 1st Battle of Sirte (16/17 December 1941)., The battle was fought between British and Italian ... Read More

'M.43' was an Italian troop and supply convoy operation from southern Italian ports to Tripoli on the north coast of Africa (3/6 January 1942)., On 3 January the Italians desp... Read More

'MA' (i) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Kilindini, Kenya, to Aden (October/December 1941)., The first of the th... Read More

'MA' (ii) was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Madras to Port Blair, Andaman Islands, or Chittagong, south-east India... Read More

'MA3' was a British naval undertaking by Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham’s Alexandria-based Mediterranean Fleet designed to provide escort and long-range support for the MF.1 ... Read More

'MA5' was a British naval operation by Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham’s Mediterranean Fleet in support of the MF.1 fast and MS.1 slow convoys from Malta to Egypt, which had b... Read More

'MA9' was a British naval undertaking by Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham’s Mediterranean Fleet in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea as a diversion to aid the 'Hurry' (... Read More

'Maastricht' was a German special forces operation by elements of Hauptmann Dr Theodor von Hippel’s Bau-Lehr-Bataillon 'Brandenburg' zbV 800, in Belgian and Dutch uniforms, ... Read More

'Macadam' was the British naval movement of a local support force to a port in the northern part of the USSR (January 1943)., The object of the undertaking was to provide grea... Read More

'Macaroni' was a French naval undertaking to transfer part of the nation’s gold reserves to the USA (November 1939)., The first shipment began on 14 November 1939, when Forc... Read More

'Macchiavelli' was a British plan to cause German naval losses by delivering to them, via the 'Tricycle' double agent, fake maps of the minefields off the east coast of Englan... Read More

'Mackensen' was the German southern counterpart to the 'Litzmann' break-out from the Kamenets-Podolsky pocket to the north-west by Generaloberst Hans-Valentin Hube’s 1st Pan... Read More

'Mädchen' was the German programme of rearguard actions by General Joachim Lemelsen’s 14th Army of Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring’s Heeresgruppe 'C' along the Arn... Read More

'Madison' was the US final-phase offensive against the German-held Metz salient of eastern France by Lieutenant General George S. Patton’s 3rd Army of Lieutenant General Oma... Read More

The 'Madona Offensive Operation' was a Soviet undertaking in Latvia by General Andrei I. Eremenko’s 2nd Baltic Front against elements of Generaloberst Ferdinand Schörner’... Read More

'Madonna' was a British series of small-scale reconnaissances by special forces in order to locate possible amphibious landing sites in the Japanese-occupied Netherlands East ... Read More

'Madonna Able' was a British unsuccessful special forces attempt by No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando to raid the port of Scheveningen in the German-occupied Netherlands (26/27 O... Read More

'MAF1' was a British naval undertaking to lay a deep-water minefield, intended to limit the movement of Axis submarines, in the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb at the throat of the Re... Read More

'Mafia' was an Allied plan for operations against Axis warships (?). ... Read More

'MAG1' was a British naval undertaking in which the minesweepers Boston, Cromarty and Cromer of the 14th Minesweeping Flotilla, together with a number of danlayers and anti-su... Read More

'Magic' was the Allied (primarily US) cover designation for the decryption and analysis of Japanese diplomatic signals (1941/45). , During World War II the codename was also u... Read More

'Magnesium' was a British special forces intelligence mission by the Special Operations Executive in Czechoslovakia (?). ... Read More

'Magnet' was the Allied programme to start the build-up of US ground forces in Northern Ireland as part of the development toward subsequent operations on the European mainlan... Read More

'Magneto' was the Allied cover designation for the 'big three' conference at Yalta in Crimea (4/11 February 1945)., 'Cricket' (ii) and 'Magneto' were together known as 'Argona... Read More

'Mahmoud' was the designation of Allied special night-fighter lure operations against German night-fighters not fitted with rearward-looking radar (1944/8 May 1945)., Operatin... Read More

'Maibaum' was a German and Croat operation against the partisan forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tito near Vlasenica in the Bosnia region of German-occupied Yugoslavia (24 April/1... Read More

'Maïce' was a Free French unrealised plan for the seizure of Vichy French-controlled French Somaliland by a coup-de-main operation (1941)., The territory was later reoccupied... Read More

'Maiden' was a British plan to deceive the Axis powers about the launch date for the planned summer offensive of Lieutenant General N. M. Ritchie’s British 8th Army at Gazal... Read More

'Maigewitter' (i) was a German operation by elements of Generaloberst Hans-Georg Reinhardt’s 3rd Panzerarmee of Generalfeldmarschall Günther von Kluge’s Heeresgruppe 'Mit... Read More

'Maigewitter' (ii) was a German operation against partisan forces in German-occupied northern Greece (April 1944). ... Read More

'Maigewitter' (iii) was a German and Croat offensive against the forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tito near Tuzla in German-occupied Yugoslavia (27/31 March 1945)., The failure of... Read More

'Maiglöckchen' was a German operation against the partisan forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tito in German-occupied Yugoslavia (17 May 1944)., SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutna... Read More

'Maikäfer' (i) was a German operation against partisans operating against the lines of communication of Generalfeldmarschall Günther von Kluge’s Heeresgruppe 'Mitte' in th... Read More

'Maikäfer' (ii) was a German operation against the partisan forces of Marshal Josip Broz Tito in the south-eastern Syrmia region of German-occupied Yugoslavia (6/16 May 1944)... Read More

'Mail Run' was the British overall designation of attacks on the port of Benghazi, at times a key point for the delivery of fuel, supplies and equipment from Italy for the Axi... Read More

'Mailfist' was a British unrealised plan by Admiral the Lord Louis Mountbatten’s South-East Asia Command for the recapture of Singapore from December 1945 (spring/August 194... Read More