'Mainau' was a German operation by the Abwehr’s Abteilung II to insert an agent, Hauptmann Hermann Görtz, into Éire (Irish Free State up to 1937) by parachute (5/19 May 19... Read More

'Mainstay' was a British tactical signal deception by Colonel David Strangeways' 'R' Force in northern France to indicate the presence and therefore the availability of the fi... Read More

'Maintop' was the British air force element within the naval 'Salient' (ii) to deliver Supermarine Spitfire fighters for the strengthening of Malta’s air defences (8/10 June... Read More

'Majestic' (i) was the Allied alternative to 'Olympic' as the plan for the invasion of Kyushu, the most southerly of the Japanese home islands (1945)., The plan was rejected i... Read More

'Majestic' (ii) was an Allied revised version of 'Coronet' (ii), the second stage of the US invasion of the Japanese home islands scheduled to land on each side of Tokyo on th... Read More

'Majesty' was an Allied unrealised plan for the creation of artificial breakwaters, akin to the 'Gooseberry' structures used on the coast of Normandy in 'Overlord', for operat... Read More

'Malice' (i) was a British deception within 'Blandings', the major deception to pin Japanese forces in Burma, for the notional airborne and seaborne operation which was suppos... Read More

'Malice' (ii) was the Allied plan to retrieve any failure or otherwise exploit the success of 'Plan Y' (i) against Mandalay in Japanese-occupied Burma (early 1945). ... Read More

'Malinger' was a British deception within 'Ukridge' by Peter Fleming’s 'D' Division deception organisation in Burma to simulate a threat to the area of Mandalay by airborne ... Read More

'Mallard' (i) was a British operation by the Special Operations Executive to establish radio contact and build a resistance organisation in the area just to the north of Berge... Read More

'Mallard' (ii) was the British air delivery of Brigadier the Hon. H. K. M. Kindersley’s 6th Airlanding Brigade as a reinforcement for Major General R. N. Gale’s 6th Airbor... Read More

'Mallard' (iii) was a British offensive by Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey’s 2nd Army in the Venlo sector of the Maas river front in the German-occupied Netherlands and... Read More

'Mallory' was a US contingency plan first schemed by Major William Mallory of Major General John K. Cannon’s US 12th AAF to bomb the bridges over the Po river in northern It... Read More

'Mallory Major' was the US air campaign against the bridges over the Po river in northern Italy (12/15 July 1944). , A development of 'Mallory', this was designed and implemen... Read More

The 'Malo-Vishera Offensive Operation' was the Soviet first of the two sub-operations together constituting the 'Tikhvin Strategic Offensive Operation', whose other component ... Read More

The 'Malo-Arkhangyel’sk Offensive Operation' was the Soviet sixth of the seven sub-operations together constituting the 'Voronezh-Kharkov Strategic Offensive Operation', and... Read More

'Malta Due' was an Italian naval attack on the port of Valletta on the island of Malta (26 July 1941)., Undertaken by the 10a Flottiglia MAS after the original 'Malta' of 26 J... Read More

'Malyi Saturn' was a Soviet offensive, more formally known as the 'Middle Don Offensive Operation' within the 'Stalingrad Strategic Offensive Operation', in the Stalingrad and... Read More

'Manacle' was a British series of special forces raids by 'Layforce' (in its second iteration) and an extemporised unit formed by the French Troop of No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Com... Read More

'Mandarine' was a German unrealised early version of the plan later partially realised as 'Cerberus' for the relocation of the battle-cruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, toget... Read More

'Mandate' was a British air undertaking to exploit the capabilities of the Bristol Beaufighter heavy fighter for the longer-range protection of convoys such as 'Style', 'Harpo... Read More

'Mandible' was a British unrealised operation, formerly known as 'Castle', by the Special Operations Executive to interrupt the supply of ilmenite from the A/S Titania mine at... Read More

'Mandibles' (i) was a British unrealised plan to seize a number of the islands, including Rhodes or Léros, of the Italian-held Dodecanese islands group in the south-eastern p... Read More

'Mandibles' (ii) was a British unrealised special forces operation against targets in the Jøssingfjord area of German-occupied south-western Norway (1940/41). ... Read More

'Mandolin' was the British major programme of air attacks on German railway transport and other transportation targets in North-West Europe and Germany (1941/8 May 1945). ... Read More

'Mandrel' was a British electronic countermeasures operation carried between Littlehampton in Sussex and Portland Bill in Dorset (5/6 June 1944)., The undertaking was handled ... Read More

'Manhattan' was the Allied extraordinarily secret undertaking in the USA to develop the atomic bomb, first tested with complete success at Alamogordo in the New Mexico desert ... Read More

'Manhole' was an Allied special forces gliderborne mission to deliver a Soviet liaison team from southern Italy into German-occupied Yugoslavia (23 February 1944). , General L... Read More

'Manhood' was the British attempt by General Sir Claude Auchinleck’s 8th Army to take the Miteirya Ridge, to the south-west of El Alamein, from the Axis forces of Generalfel... Read More

'Maniac' was the designation of a British convoy, related to 'Neptune' (iii), between Southend and Spithead in the southern part of England (3/4 June 1944). ... Read More

'Manjača Gora' was a German and Croat operation against the partisan forces of Josip Broz Tito in the puppet state of Croatia in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia (30 September/9 Octo... Read More

'Manna' (i) was a British combined operation to stabilise the position in Greece as the divisions of Generaloberst Alexander Löhr’s Heeresgruppe 'E' began to pull out of th... Read More

'Manna' (ii) was a British naval offensive in the Aegean Sea by Rear Admiral T. H. Troubridge’s Force 120 (Aegean Force) after its initial successes in two 'excursion' opera... Read More

'Manna' (iii) was a British air operation, in parallel with the US 'Chowhound', to paradrop food to the starving civilian population of the German-occupied Netherlands (29 Apr... Read More

The 'Mannerheim-linja' was a Finnish defensive fortification line on the Karelian isthmus designed and constructed to aid Finland in defeating any Soviet aggression (1920/1940... Read More

'Manotick' was a British maritime undertaking to ship stores destined for Malta via the Middle East (?). ... Read More

'Manual' was the designation of British patrol activities in the area of Tobruk on the coast of North Africa in the period up to its loss in the aftermath of the Battle of Gaz... Read More

'Maori' was British pair of relatively small-scale operations against the Germans in the Normandy lodgement (8/11 July 1944)., 'Maori I' of 8 July took the German positions in... Read More

'Maple' (i) was a British special forces operation to parachute a 24-man raiding party of the 2nd Special Air Service into the Aquila and Ancona area of German-occupied Italy ... Read More

'Maple' (ii) was an Allied naval and air operation to clear German minefields and lay Allied minefields in support of the 'Neptune' (iii) and 'Overlord' invasion of north-west... Read More

'MAQ2' was a British naval undertaking by Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham’s Mediterranean Fleet to cover the AN.5 convoy from Port Said to Piraeus and also to undertake air at... Read More

'MAQ3' was a British carrierborne air undertaking by Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham’s Mediterranean Fleet against the airfield on the island of Scarpanto (Kárpathos in Greek... Read More

'Maquis Blanc' was a French undertaking, after the defeat of the German forces in France, by ex-members of the Vichy French Milice Française to bring about a real 'national r... Read More

'MAR2' was a British naval element of the 'Abstention' undertaking to seize Kastelorizo, and involving the destroyers Decoy and Hereward embarking a special assault force of 5... Read More

'Marathon' was an Allied unrealised initial plan, later succeeded by 'Rankin', for the return of major land and tactical air forces to the mainland of Europe on the event of a... Read More

'Marble' (i) was a US operation to deliver reinforcements and supplies to the US Army garrison in Iceland (1941). ... Read More

'Marble' (ii) was the British liberation of the island of Sark as part of the 'Nest Egg' liberation of the Channel Islands (10 May 1945). ... Read More

'Marchioness' was a British deception undertaking in which an essentially negative assessment of Italy’s imminent political and military future, after the loss of her North ... Read More

'Marco Polo' was a German largely unrealised plan for collaborative political and military ventures with Japan (10 May 1943/44)., An early step toward this objective was the p... Read More

'Marder' was the German overall plan for the reinforcement of its forces in Italy should the Allies make a major amphibious assault on either the east or west coast (December ... Read More