'Esigenza C3' was an Italian unrealised plan, otherwise known as 'Operazione C3' and including the German 'Herkules', for a combined operation to capture Malta together with i... Read More

'Eskimo' was a Canadian and US joint military exercise in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, undertaken to test the Canadian army’s and USAAF’s current concepts of win... Read More

'Esme A' was a British diversionary movement during the capture of Madagascar after 'Ironclad', taking the form of an advance by Brigadier G. T. Senescall’s South African 7t... Read More

'Esme B' was the British capture of Nossi Bé island off the north-west coast of the Vichy French island of Madagascar (11 September 1942)., The Royal Marines entrusted with t... Read More

'Espero' was an Italian warship convoy from Italy to North Africa (28 June 1940)., Taking place a little more than two weeks after Italy declared war on the UK, the Battle of ... Read More

'ET' was the designation of Allied convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the routes from North African ports to Gibraltar, and inaugurated after the successful imp... Read More

'Etappenhase' was a German unrealised attempt to establish assault bases along the Algerian/Tunisian border to counterattack and drive back the forces of Lieutenant General K.... Read More

'ETC' was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with a numerical suffix) plying the route from Southend to the Seine Bay, France, with coasting vessels, and as ... Read More

'ETM' was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with a numerical suffix) carrying motor transport from Southend to the Bay of Seine, France, and as reciprocals ... Read More

'Etna' was a British naval undertaking to land agents of the Special Operations Executive on the coast of the German-occupied French island of Corsica in the Mediterranean (6/... Read More

'Etoile' was a French special forces operation to parachute a team into the Besançon area of German-occupied France (5 September 1944 onward). ... Read More

'Etonian' was a British unrealised contingency plan, paving the way to 'Matador' (i), for an advance into southern Thailand, in the event that the Japanese made any landing th... Read More

'EU' was an Allied naval undertaking in which the US heavy cruiser Tuscaloosa and three destroyers steamed from Scapa Flow in the Orkney islands group to the northern USSR to ... Read More

'Eucalyptus' was an Allied special forces operation to parachute a six-man team (two British, three French and one US) into the Vercors massif area of German-occupied France t... Read More

'Euclid' was an Allied one of several amphibious warfare exercises (summer and autumn 1943)., 'Euclid' was a British undertaking during August and September 1943 by Major Gene... Read More

'Euphrates Plan' was a British strategic deception plan created to deter any German ambition for an advance into Turkey from north-eastern Greece and south-western Bulgaria (J... Read More

'Eureka' was the inter-Allied conference at Tehran in Iran (28 November/1 December 1943)., The primary figures at the conference were Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the U... Read More

'Europa' was a German part of the 'Seekrieg' unrealised deception plan for an amphibious landing on the east coast of England (1940/41). ... Read More

'EV' was the British naval undertaking to support the passages of the PQ.18 and QP.14 convoys to and from ports in the northern USSR (2/18 September 1942)., The 39 laden ships... Read More

'Everest' was the Allied contingency plan for the seizure and internment of all Yugoslavs in Italy in the event of an outbreak of hostilities in Yugoslavia between the forces ... Read More

'Evergreen' was an Allied unrealised plan for the entry of Allied troops into Turkey (July 1944)., At this time Turkey was still neutral, and entered World War II only on 23 F... Read More

'EW' (i) was a British naval minelaying operation in the Heligoland Bight (2/3 January 1940)., The destroyers Intrepid and Ivanhoe departed Immingham to countermine a German m... Read More

'EW' (ii) was a British pair of special trials undertakings by the battleships Rodney and Howe, which operated from Loch Cairnbawn, the headquarters of the British midget subm... Read More

'EWC' was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with numerical and literal suffixes) plying the route from Spithead to the Seine Bay and using coastal vessels, ... Read More

'EWL' was the designation of Allied landing craft convoys (together with numerical and literal suffixes) plying the route from Southampton or the Isle of Wight to the Seine Ba... Read More

'EWM' was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with numerical and literal suffixes) carrying motor transport from the Isle of Wight to the Seine Bay, France wi... Read More

'EWP' was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with a numerical suffix) carrying personnel from the Isle of Wight to the Seine Bay, France, and as such recipro... Read More

'EX' was the British movement of the fleet carrier Formidable from the Clyde river in western Scotland and the battleship Nelson from Scapa Flow in the Orkney islands group to... Read More

'Excelsior' was an Allied series of six exercises ('Excelsior I' to 'Excelsior VI') for artillery elements in preparation for 'Overlord' (5 December 1943). ... Read More

'Excerpt' was a British special forces operation to parachute a Special Operations Executive team into German-occupied Yugoslavia (19 May 1943 onward). ... Read More

'Excess' was a British fast convoy operation in the Mediterranean to send three ships, all loaded with urgently needed supplies, to Piraeus and one ship to Malta (6/11 January... Read More

'Excursion' was the British offensive into Italian Eritrea from Kassala on the eastern frontier of Sudan (19 January/1 April 1941)., After Italy’s entry into the war on 10 J... Read More

'Exile' was the US plan for the reduction of its forces in the Pacific theatre as victory over Japan became evident (1945). ... Read More

'Exodus' (ii) was the British air operation to ferry liberated prisoners of war to the UK from airfields near Brussels in liberated Belgium and then from airfields close to ot... Read More

'EXP' was the designation of Allied military convoys (together with numerical and literal suffixes) plying the route from the UK to the Seine Bay, France, for the delivery and... Read More

'Expedite' was a British naval undertaking to land a number of Free Greek personnel on the coast of German-occupied Greece for clandestine operations (December 1943). ... Read More

'Exploit' was the Allied tactical deception for the 'Flashpoint' crossing of the Rhine river in western Germany by Lieutenant General William H. Simpson’s US 9th Army (21 Ma... Read More

'Exploration' was an Allied unrealised plan for the transfer of air units from Europe to the Far East via the USSR for use in the final campaigns against Japan (1945). ... Read More

'Exporter' was the British campaign to take Lebanon and Syria from the Vichy French (8 June/14 July 1941). , The British-led operation was aimed at preventing Germany from usi... Read More

the 'Exporter Cover Plan' was the British cover plan for the British-led 'Exporter' seizure of Lebanon and Syria from the Vichy French (June 1941)., It was impossible to conce... Read More

'Express' was a British offensive to the west of the Orne river in the Normandy lodgement area of 'Overlord' by Lieutenant General N. M. Ritchie’s XII Corps of Lieutenant Ge... Read More

'Extend' was the British original designation for the operation, implemented as 'Ironclad', to seize the Vichy French island of Madagascar (early 1942). ... Read More

'Extended Capital' was the British strategic offensive in central Burma developed from 'Capital' (i) but enlarged to include the capture of Meiktila in addition to Mandalay wi... Read More

'Exterminate' was a British naval undertaking to destroy three German warships (one torpedo boat and two corvettes in the Adriatic Sea (2/3 November 1944)., The action was fou... Read More

'Extraversion' was the US programme to deliver to the European and Mediterranean theatres a small number of Lockheed YP-80A Shooting Star jet-powered fighters for service eval... Read More

'EY' was the British naval undertaking to locate and destroy suspected moored mines off the Seyðisfjörður in eastern Iceland (8 October 1942 onward)., The 15th Minesweeping... Read More

'Eyesore' was a British component of the 'Burnsall' special forces operation (1944). ... Read More

'EZ' was the British naval delivery of personnel and stores to the British and Canadian garrison on Spitsbergen island off the north coast of German-occupied Norway within the... Read More

'F' was an Italian convoy operation across the Mediterranean between ports in southern Italy and Benghazi in North Africa (26/30 May 1942)., The 'F' convoy comprised three mer... Read More

The 'F-Linie' was a German fallback position for General Sigfrid Henrici’s (from 8 April 1944 General Maximilian de Angelis’s) 6th Army of Generaloberst Josef Harpe’s He... Read More